Beer’s history flows as far back as the beginnings of civilization itself. The first definitive evidence of beer brewing traces to the Sumerians of Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. But some scholars believe fermented beverages existed during the dawn of agriculture at least 6,000 years earlier. So while the details are hazy, it’s clear beer is as old as human history itself.
Historical Evidence Found
The Sumerians left behind ample evidence of their infatuation with beer. Thousands of tablets refer to the revered beverage, including the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the earliest surviving literary works. The Sumerian Hymn to Ninkasi around 1800 BCE offers the closest thing to an ancient beer recipe, describing ingredients and production methods still familiar today like malted barley and fermentation.
Archaeologists have also unearthed jar fragments from Godin Tepe dating back to 3500 BCE containing traces of ancient beer. The brew likely contained just two basic ingredients – barley and bread with yeast to spur fermentation. Sumerians drank their unfiltered beer from communal jars using reed straws that filtered out sediments.
Evolution of Brewing
In 1989, Anchor Brewing recreated this primitive Sumerian beer and deemed it surprisingly drinkable. However ancient brewers had just scratched the surface of beer’s possibilities. New techniques like boiling the mixture to create wort, adding hops for flavor, and controlled fermentation with specific yeast strains would transform crude ancient ales into the wide range of brews we enjoy today.
The German Beer Purity Law of 1516 permitted only water, barley, and hops as ingredients, still the basis of many beers. But creative new styles like India Pale Ales emerged when British brewers added more hops and alcohol to preserve their beer over long sea voyages.
Modern Brewers
While traditions remain strong, today craft brewers endlessly experiment with exotic new ingredients, brewing methods, and creative flavors. The possibilities are endless, built on thousands of years of beer history stretching back to the Sumerians.
So next time you sip a craft IPA or Belgian wheat beer, toast the ancient Sumerians who got the ball rolling. Beer has come a long way since its humble bread-based origins, but it remains a beloved beverage bringing people together across millennia.